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The preamble to the code says that "then Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers so that the strong should not harm the weak. In his view, the gods sent him to rule, with some level of compassion, over his empire. While the Law Code of Hammurabi (now in the Louvre) is well known for its "eye for an eye" style of lawmaking, it also sets out the nature of the relationship between Hammurabi, the gods and the people he ruled. Hammurabi himself would discuss the nature of his divinity in his famous law code. She notes that parents gave their children names that meant "Hammurabi is my help" or "Hammurabi is my god." Leick writes that Hammurabi's stature was such that he became regarded as a god. While archaeological remains are scarce, textual remains are more illuminating.
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"The remains of Hammurabi's own city at Babylon are, unfortunately, almost inaccessible as the water table has risen too high to allow them to be explored," writes researcher Harriet Crawford in a paper published in the book "The Babylonian World" (Routledge, 2007). Further campaigns against Assyria and Mari further expanded Hammurabi's empire.Īrchaeologists know little about what Babylon itself looked like during Hammurabi's reign. "This victory signalled the annexation of all the old urban centers, such as Ur, Uruk, Isin and Larsa," Leick writes.
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After a series of campaigns, he defeated Rim-Sin, the ruler of Larsa, a man who had ruled a large kingdom for nearly 60 years. With the death of the king of Ashur, and the power vacuum resulting from it, Hammurabi was able to expand. "At home he concentrated on improving the economic basis of his kingdom by building canals and strengthening fortifications," she writes. Located between two larger kingdoms at Larsa and Ashur, he was cautious. Leick notes that Hammurabi had to be patient before he could expand. He was the ruler who would go on to turn this once small kingdom into a great empire. Babylon would remain this way until, six kings later, a man named Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.) ascended the throne. He proceeded to turn Babylon into a petty kingdom made up of the city and a small amount of nearby territory. He was an Amorite, a Semitic-speaking people from the area around modern-day Syria. She notes that in 1894 B.C., after the Ur-based empire had collapsed, the city was conquered by a man named Samu-abum. "Babylon had not been an independent city," writes researcher Gwendolyn Leick in her book "The Babylonians" (Routledge, 2003). Ancient records suggest that more than 4,000 years ago, at a time when the city of Ur was the center of an empire, Babylon appears to have been a provincial administration center. (Image credit: The Schøyen Collection MS 2063, Oslo and Londo)Īrchaeologically, little is known about the early history of Babylon. This inscription, made in the name of Tiglath-pileser I, a king of Assyria, records the conquest of Babylon.